OBJECTIVE: To examine the perioperative cardiac morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing major vascular surgery with beta-blockade after a positive stress test or cardiac catheterization. DESIGN: Retrospective review of a quality assurance database. SETTING: A university teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: A consecutive series of 31 patients undergoing peripheral vascular or aortic surgery after a positive stress test or catheterization between November 2001 and September 2003. INTERVENTION: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All 31 patients had a preoperative positive stress test and/or cardiac catheterization, with 12 having multiple areas at risk for myocardial ischemia. None had an intervening coronary revascularization. Twenty-seven had at least one of the intermediate clinical predictors as defined by the American College of Cardiology and 7 had a left ventricular ejection fraction 40%. Twenty-three patients had been on a beta-blocker and continued on it, while the remainder started on it de novo perioperatively. None of the patients suffered from myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, or cardiac death perioperatively. CONCLUSIONS: This case series reports on the authors' experience with patients undergoing high-risk vascular surgery after a positive stress test or catheterization, but without an intervening coronary intervention. All patients received perioperative beta-blockade and had a very low adverse cardiac event rate. With reduction of adverse events by beta-blockade, the likelihood of a positive event may be reduced and the utility of the test in risk stratification may be questioned.