Health Policy Section - Richard A and Susan F Smith Center for Outcomes Research

 

Our Research  

Our research examines how health policies, reforms, and systems shape health care access and affordability, quality, and population health outcomes across the United States. We use state-of-the-science methods to produce rigorous, actionable evidence — holding policy to the same evidentiary standards we demand of clinical medicine. From the design of national value-based payment programs under the Affordable Care Act, to the structure of Medicare and Medicaid, to safety-net programs and policies making prescription drugs and health care more affordable (such as the Inflation Reduction Act), our work touches the policies that shape health care for millions of Americans. 
 
Our section is led by Dr. Rishi Wadhera, a nationally recognized cardiologist, health policy researcher, and outcomes scientist. Our findings are frequently published in leading medical journals, including the New England Journal of Medicine, JAMA, and The Lancet, and have been cited in Congressional reports, Senate testimonies, MedPAC reports, American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association clinical practice guidelines, and by senior leaders at the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Our work has directly influenced federal health policy — research from our group demonstrating the unintended consequences of pay-for-performance policies, for example, has helped reshape how these initiatives are designed, implemented, and evaluated on a national scale.

Our research is also regularly covered in the New York Times, NPR, NBC News, and STAT News. Alongside this research mission, we are deeply committed to training the next generation of physician-scientists and health policy researchers.
   
 

 

 

Access & Affordability, Quality & Value of Care, Population Health & Equity, Health Policy Evaluation

 

 

Rishi K. Wadhera, MD, MPP, MPhil

Rishi K. Wadhera, MD, MPP, MPhil is a cardiologist, health policy researcher, and Associate Professor at Harvard Medical School and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. He serves as Associate Director of the Smith Center for Outcomes Research, where he founded the Section of Health Policy Research, building it into a large, multidisciplinary team of 15 full-time clinician-investigators, research staff, and postdoctoral fellows. He is an elected member of the American Society of Clinical Investigation.
 
Dr. Wadhera's research — informed by his frontline experience as a practicing cardiologist — applies the evidentiary rigor of clinical medicine to the evaluation of health policy, asking not just what policies intend, but how they actually affect patients. He is the principal investigator of three NIH R01 grants and a recipient of the American Heart Association Established Investigator Award, and has authored more than 280 peer-reviewed publications in leading medical and health policy journals. He has advised senior leaders at the US Department of Health and Human Services, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and Congressional committees, and is widely cited as a health policy expert by the New York Times, NPR, the Boston Globe, and NBC News. He serves as Associate Editor at the Journal of the American College of Cardiology and on standing advisory panels for the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review and the National Committee for Quality Assurance. A defining feature of his work is mentorship and faculty development. He has trained more than 40 junior investigators who have collectively first-authored more than 110 publications and secured competitive career development awards, with many advancing to independent academic careers across the country.
 

 

 62

Publications

Faculty as first or senior author

 

   
69%

High Impact

Lancet BMJ NEJM JAMA

 

59

Trainee Papers 

first-author trainee publications

 

24

Trainees 

From 9 institutions
 
2025-2026

Selected Publications

 

 

The BMJ

Insurance Coverage and Employment after Medicaid Expansion with Work Requirements: Quasi-experimental difference-in-differences study

Daniel Johnson*, Stephen Mein*, Lucas Marinacci, Michael Liu, Rishi K Wadhera


Changes in Physical and Mental Health After the End of SNAP Emergency Allotments

Michael Liu, Daniel Y Johnson, Sara N Bleich, Prihatha R Narasimmaraj, Camilla Bjorck-PossonJose Figueroa, Rishi K Wadhera


Cardiovascular Deaths During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States

Rishi K Wadhera, Changyu Shen, Suhas Gondi, Siyan Chen, Dhruv S Kazi, Robert W Yeh

 

 

Changes in Patient Care Experience After Private Equity Acquisition of US Hospitals

Anjali Bhatla, Victoria L Bartlett, Michael Liu, ZhaoNian Zheng, Rishi K Wadhera


Annals of Internal Medicine

Cardiovascular Health of Middle-Aged U.S. Adults by Income Level, 1999 to March 2020: A Serial Cross-Sectional Study

Michael Liu, Rahul Aggarwal, ZhaoNian Zheng, Robert Yeh, Dhruv S Kazi, Karen E Joynt Maddox, Rishi K Wadhera


Financial Burden of Health Care in the Privately Insured 

US Population

Sukruth A Shashikumar, ZhaoNian Zheng, Karen E Joynt Maddox, Rishi K Wadhera

 

Out-of-Pocket Drug Costs for Medicare Beneficiaries With Cardiovascular Risk Factors Under the Inflation Reduction Act

Prihatha R NarasimmarajAndrew Oseran, Archana Tale, Jiaman Xu, Utibe R EssienDhruv Kazi, Robert W Yeh, Rishi K Wadhera


Health Equity Adjustment and Hospital Performance in the Medicare Value-Based Purchasing Program

Michael LiuSahil Sandhu, Karen E Joynt Maddox, Rishi K Wadhera
 


Private Equity Acquisitions of Outpatient Cardiology Practices in the United States, 2013-2023

Victoria BartlettMichael Liu, Shylie Ati, Robert Yeh, ZhaoNian Zheng, Rishi K Wadhera

 

Selected Media

 

Rishi Wadhera, Andrew Oseran, Lucas Marinacci, Stephen Main, and Victoria Bartlett at conference
Rishi Wadhera Health Care Policy Team Dinner
Rishi Wadhera and team at Conference
Rishi Wadhera and Team
Rishi Wadhera and Health Care Policy Research Team - CV retreat 2025
Zimetbaum Fellow presenting
Rishi Wadhera and trainees
Michael Liu ACC Young Investigator 2025
Health Care Policy team dinner - Rishi Wadhera
Stephen Mein presents at conference
Health Care Policy Team Dinner
Christopher Alba poster presentation, AHA 2023
Health Policy Team ACC 2025
Lucas Marinacci presenting at conference
Ivy Shi ACC 2025
Health Care Policy Team Dinner
Health Care Policy Team
Michael Liu Presenting Poster ACC 2025
Daniel Johnson ACC 2025
ACC 2025 Health Policy Team - Rishi Wadhera