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Diagnosis As part of a thorough history, it’s important to ask about the use of medications associated with OIS, such as bisphosphonates taken for the treatment of osteoporosis. A comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation is performed. Pain can be an important symptom of OIS, particularly in myositis and...

Primary Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction (PANDO) PANDO is a condition in which chronic inflammation and scarring block the tear drainage system without another identifiable cause for the obstruction, such as trauma, tumor, etc. Patients with PANDO usually seek help when tears overflow...

Dear Colleagues, As ophthalmologists, one of the most exciting facets of our profession is our role as problem-solvers. Some of our patients have typical complaints and clear signs pointing to their pathologies, while others have complex, multifactorial problems, often connected to underlying...

Diagnosis The gold standard for diagnosis is irrigation of saline through the tear drainage system via a lacrimal cannula through the punctum and canaliculi. Passage of saline through the system into the nasal cavity confirms that the system is patent. Reflux from the opposing punctum indicates an...

In this issue of eye Insights, we take a close look at two common oculoplastics disorders seen in ophthalmology practice: primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) and orbital inflammatory syndrome (OIS). Inside, you’ll find key information about how PANDO and OIS are diagnosed, treated...