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By: Richard D. Cummings Collagen is the most common and abundant glycoprotein in animals (1). Even sponges have collagen (termed spongin) and it is glycosylated much like mammalian collagen. Its name derives from the Greek κόλλα (kólla) (meaning "glue") and the suffix -γέν (-gen), denoting...

By: Richard D. Cummings Antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) are named due to their unusual ability to inhibit ice formation (1). Antifreeze glycoproteins and proteins are also called ice structuring proteins or ISPs (2). AFGPs were originally discovered by DeVries and Wohlschlag in the blood of...

By: Richard D. Cummings Most, if not all, of the carbohydrates and glycans in animals are reducing glycans in their free form, either as they are generated, e.g., milk sugars, or upon release from proteins or lipids. However, there are many non-reducing sugars in nature, so far mostly found in...