This course introduces students to modern imaging modalities with an emphasis on modalities most frequently employed in cellular and molecular biology as well as medicine. The course offers an overview of noninvasive medical imaging techniques frequently used in clinics and research, such as X-ray CT, MRI, ultrasound, PET/SPECT and optical imaging and spectroscopy. We also cover basic principles of electron and light microscopy, including fluorescence and confocal and their theory of operation and advanced microscopy techniques, such as two-photon, CLASS, super-resolution and STED microscopy. The focus is placed on molecular imaging approaches and application of modality-specific and functionally relevant molecular probes. The lectures are supplemented by visual and hands-on demonstrations of imaging systems and discussions of operation principles of those systems.