Miller AS, Escobar-Domingo MJ, Miller AM, et al. Mastectomy and breast augmentation outcomes among nonbinary, transgender, and cisgender adults.. Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS. 2025;109:209-212.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate epidemiologic characteristics and postoperative complications among nonbinary, transgender, and cisgender adults undergoing mastectomy or breast augmentation. Comparable postoperative complication rates were observed between gender modality cohorts undergoing breast augmentation, but higher complication rates were observed among cisgender patients following mastectomy, likely due to variations in clinical indications and technique. These results underscore the safety of chest surgery for gender-diverse patients.