Stigma among primary care providers: characterizing attitudes and behaviors in the care of people with chronic hepatitis in the Philippines.

Hopkins-Kotb, Naeema, Jhaki Mendoza, Manu Gaspar, Martin Fernandez, Jae-Ann Sumalo, Timothy Mercado, Jovein Alcantara, et al. 2025. “Stigma Among Primary Care Providers: Characterizing Attitudes and Behaviors in the Care of People With Chronic Hepatitis in the Philippines.”. BMC Primary Care 26 (1): 223.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Stigma is a key barrier to compassionate primary health care delivery and people-centered care (PCC), but is understudied among primary care providers (PCPs). Hepatitis B and C have a significant burden of disease in the Philippines, where there is limited awareness of and access to screening and treatment. Patient-reported stigma has been identified as a significant barrier to hepatitis care in the Philippines, but PCP stigma-related attitudes and behaviors have not been explored in this context.

METHODS: In this study, we assessed primary PCP-reported stigma-related attitudes and behaviors toward patients with hepatitis B and C. We surveyed primary PCPs in Tarlac, Philippines working within a network of healthcare facilities that have been part of an initiative to decentralize hepatitis care to the primary care level and prioritize PCC.

RESULTS: We found that PCPs' self-reported attitudes toward patients with hepatitis B and C reflect a strong sense of responsibility to provide care, and comfort with sensitive history-taking, but also pervasive attitudes of pity and blame. PCPs' self-reported behaviors showed commitment to providing equal care, but variation in infection control practices suggesting misconceptions about transmission risk.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide essential insight into PCPs' stigma-related attitudes and behaviors that will serve as a baseline for future comparison with patient-reported experiences. These findings underscore the critical role of primary care in addressing stigma and improving hepatitis care in the Philippines, highlighting the importance of training, resource allocation, and people-centered care strategies.

Last updated on 08/20/2025
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