Publications

BACKGROUND: Limited literature is available about the career outcomes of horses sustaining a long-term injury (LTI) in a jump race.

METHODS: All Thoroughbreds that sustained an LTI, defined as any non-fatal musculoskeletal injury requiring a minimum 90-day break from racing, in a British jump race between May 2018 and April 2023 were followed up for at least 24 months and outcomes described. Pre-injury racing performance was compared between horses that did and did not return to racing, and post-injury racing performance was compared between horses that sustained tendon/ligament injuries and fractures.

RESULTS: There were 793 LTIs recorded in 780 horses. Overall, 28.4% (n = 793, 95% confidence interval: 25.3%-31.7%) returned to racing and started a median of five races (interquartile range [IQR]: 3-7) within 12 months. Horses that returned to racing were younger (p < 0.001), earned more pre-injury (p < 0.01), had shorter careers (p < 0.04) and more wins (p < 0.03). Horses with tendon/ligament injuries were less likely to return to racing (18.9%, n = 107) and took longer to return (median 496 days, IQR: 304-670 days) than those with fractures (50.9%, n = 86, 275 days, IQR: 215-346 days).

LIMITATIONS: Injury classification commonly relied upn presumptive diagnoses.

CONCLUSIONS: Over 70% of racehorses failed to return to racing following LTI, highlighting the need to minimise injury risk.

BACKGROUND: Ileo-colonoscopy provides accurate assessment of mucosal inflammation in Crohn's disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a non-invasive alternative. MRI-based scores such as the simplified MaRIA (sMaRIA) have been proposed for measuring treatment response in clinical trials, but systematic comparisons with endoscopic scoring systems in prospective datasets are lacking.

METHODS: PROFILE trial participants underwent ileo-colonoscopy and small bowel MRI at baseline and week 48 (end-of-trial). Using this dataset our primary objective was to assess the correlation between Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (SES-CD) and sMaRIA scores using contemporaneous ileo-colonoscopy and MRI studies. We also assessed the utility of sMaRIA as a clinical trial endpoint, and correlation between baseline sMaRIA and need for future surgery. Endoscopic and MRI remission were defined as SES-CD and sMaRIA scores of 0. Ulcer subscores were also examined.

RESULTS: In total, :285 patients had paired baseline ileo-colonoscopy and MRI studies and 220 had paired end-of-trial studies-undertaken a median of 35 and 22 days apart respectively. Correlation between total SES-CD and sMaRIA scores on end-of-trial studies was moderate (Spearman's ρ = 0.428). MRI/sMaRIA identified only 18/143 ulcerated segments seen on ileo-colonoscopy. While remission rates between PROFILE treatment arms were significantly different on ileo-colonoscopy/SES-CD (P = .005), this difference was not seen on MRI/sMaRIA (P = .564). Patients requiring abdominal surgery had higher baseline sMaRIA scores than those who did not (P = .015), while SES-CD scores were not different between these groups (P = .830).

CONCLUSIONS: MRI should be considered as complementary to ileo-colonoscopy for assessing ileal Crohn's disease. sMaRIA should not replace SES-CD in clinical trials.

Emerging ferroelectric non-volatile memories are revolutionizing von Neumann architectures by providing efficient hardware for both AI training and inference. However, as ferroelectric dimensions scale toward the nanoscale, reliable modulation is hindered by interfacial degradation and phase instability, leading to synaptic weight drift and computational inaccuracies. Here, a high-performance ferroelectric-van der Waals transistor (FeFET) for computing-in-memory by integrating a single-crystalline Bi2O2Se (BOS) layer into a ferroelectric/MoS2 heterostructure is demonstrated. The implementation of an asymmetrical capacitive stack ensures effective polarization-charge compensation during fine-state switching, achieving precise multi-level weight programming with significantly suppressed carrier fluctuations. Fabricated through a low-temperature process, the BOS-based FeFET exhibits exceptional reliability, including 10-year retention at 85°C, endurance exceeding 1011 cycles, stable 32-state analog switching with 0.9% retention variation over 10 000 s, and ultra-low programming error. Atomically smooth heterointerfaces yield high spatial uniformity (7% variation) across the FeFET array, enabling a hardware neural network that achieves 98.5% accuracy in nonlinear classification. Furthermore, by incorporating intrinsic ferroelectric switching variance into the training phase, it is elucidated how device imperfections can be leveraged to reshape learning dynamics in pixel-wise semantic segmentation. This work establishes a comprehensive co-design methodology bridging advanced ferroelectric materials, device engineering, and algorithmic optimization for next-generation neuromorphic computing.

BACKGROUND: Lamellar endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs in hyperinsulinemia-associated and sepsis-related laminitis. Adiponectin is associated with reduced laminitis risk and inhibits ER stress in other species.

OBJECTIVES: To induce ER stress in ex vivo equine lamellar cells using pharmacological agents. To determine whether co-treatment with adiponectin receptor agonists (ARAs) reduces ER stress.

STUDY DESIGN: In vitro.

METHODS: Lamellar cells from n = 4-5 horses were treated with tunicamycin or thapsigargin (10-1000 nM) for 2-24 h. ER-stressed cells were co-treated with full-length adiponectin (FLA; 30-3000 ng/mL), globular adiponectin (gA; 30-3000 ng/mL), AdipoRon (2-50 μM), or AICAR (1 mM) for 24 h. Expression of binding immunological protein (BIP) and spliced X-box binding protein (sXBP1; two ER stress markers), ribosomal protein 6 (RPS6), and interleukin-6 and -8 was determined using qRT-PCR and western blotting.

RESULTS: BIP expression increased in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and was highest after 24 h treatment with 1000 nM tunicamycin (mRNA: mean [95% CI] log2 fold-change [FC] = 4.8 [3.7-5.9]; p < 0.001; protein: log2FC = 3.3 [2.7-4.0]; p < 0.001). XBP1 splicing increased from 6% [4-8] (control) to a maximum of 89% [86-93] (p < 0.001). Thapsigargin induced similar responses. Interleukin-6 (2 h; maximum log2FC = 3.1 [0.7-5.6]; p = 0.03) and interleukin-8 (24 h; maximum log2FC = 5.4 [2.6-8.2]; p = 0.04) increased with both stressors. ER stress-induced BIP protein expression was decreased by AICAR (log2FC = -2.0 [-5.1 to -1.1], p = 0.04) and AdipoRon (maximum log2FC = -1.8 [-2.1 to -1.5]; p = 0.001; tunicamycin), and by FLA (log2FC = -1.3 [-1.8 to -0.7]; p = 0.002), and gA (log2FC = -1.2 [-1.9 to -0.5]; p = 0.004; thapsigargin). Tunicamycin-induced XBP1 splicing decreased with FLA and AdipoRon (maximum change = -11%; p = 0.01), and with all ARAs after thapsigargin treatment (maximum change = -46%; p < 0.001). Total RPS6 expression was decreased by gA, AdipoRon, and AICAR (maximum log2FC = -0.9; p < 0.001; tunicamycin). AdipoRon reduced RPS6 phosphorylation (log2FC = -1.4 [-3.6 to -0.7]; p = 0.02; tunicamycin).

MAIN LIMITATIONS: Mixed lamellar cell population, small sample size.

CONCLUSIONS: ARAs reduced ER stress marker expression in ex vivo equine lamellar cells, suggesting potential for laminitis treatment and prevention.

INTRODUCTION: Research on complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine (CAIM) continues to grow. Bibliometric analyses (BAs) are valuable to assess research trends, identify gaps, and understand the evolution of a body of literature, yet there are no systematic or scoping reviews on how these BAs are conducted. This scoping review aimed to systematically review and summarize BAs on CAIM literature to inform and guide future bibliometric studies in this field and beyond.

METHODS: A scoping review was conducted in accordance with Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, AMED, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science from database inception to the date of the search on January 5, 2023. Eligible articles were BAs of the CAIM literature. Screening and data extraction were completed independently and in duplicate by at least two reviewers, with findings summarized descriptively.

RESULTS: The review included 286 articles published between 1995 and 2023, with approximately 75% published in the last 5 years. Studies were conducted in 36 countries, with China (50%) leading in contributions. All articles used performance analysis techniques, whereas 80% also used science-mapping techniques. The most commonly used performance analysis metrics were "total publications" (98%) and "total citations" (67%). Co-word (63%) and co-authorship (55%) analysis were the most common science mapping techniques. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were the predominant visualization softwares employed.

CONCLUSIONS: This review demonstrates large methodological diversity in the conduct of CAIM bibliometrics. As a result of this variability, future research should focus on developing uniform methodologies and incorporating diverse metrics and alternative data sources to enhance the reliability and reproducibility of BAs in the CAIM field.

Purpose To develop and validate an end-to-end autonomous platform for the quantification and visualization of brain aneurysm and parent-artery morphology on CT angiography (CTA). Materials and Methods A total of 2,980 CTA scans performed between 2004 to 2025 containing 2,585 aneurysms from 2980 patients obtained from five international high-volume stroke centers were included. The model was trained using expert hand-annotated vascular segmentations spanning the cervical internal carotid and vertebral arteries through the A4, M3, and P3 segments. Internal prospective and multicenter external testing assessed aneurysm detection performance and compared morphology measurements with expert-derived values obtained on digital subtraction angiography (DSA)-verified CTA. Statistical analysis used paired t tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, with sensitivity, specificity, and 95% confidence intervals reported. A public web-based platform was developed to allow further validation. Results Internal and multicenter external testing yielded a patient-level sensitivity of 87.9% (290 of 330) (95% CI: 83.8, 91.3) and specificity of 86.6% (395 of 456) (95% CI: 83.3, 89.4). Physician-performed morphology extraction required 24.3 ± 6.6 minutes per scan, whereas the model completed the task autonomously in 90 ± 12 seconds (P < .001). At the aggregate level, no statistically significant differences were observed for aneurysm volume, neck diameter, parent artery diameter, flow angle, aspect ratio, size ratio, height-width ratio, undulating index, ellipticity index, or non-sphericity index. Dome height (mean difference (MD): 0.1 ± 1.1, P = .03) and surface area (MD: -5.3 mm2 ± 29.5 mm2, P = .04) differed, but with minimal effect sizes. Conclusion The developed autonomous system for rupture-related morphology metric acquisition substantially reduced physician workload. ©RSNA, 2026.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) shows marked female predominance, particularly among women of childbearing age (WCBA, 15-49 years), yet their specific disease burden remains under characterized. Using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 1990-2021 data, we conducted the first comprehensive analysis of MS trends in WCBA globally, with projections to 2040, to guide targeted interventions for this vulnerable population.

METHODS: We analyzed age-standardized incidence (ASIR), prevalence (ASPR), mortality (ASMR), and disability-adjusted life years (ASDR) rates across 204 countries using GBD 2021 data. Our analytical approach incorporated Pearson correlation to examine Socio-demographic Index (SDI) relationships, decomposition analysis to identify burden drivers, and frontier analysis to assess disease control efficiency gaps. We employed Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort modeling alongside ARIMA for 20-year projections, with joinpoint regression analyzing temporal trends through annual percentage changes. Age-period-cohort effects were further disentangled through APC modeling, with stratification by age group, SDI level, and geographic region.

RESULTS: Between 1990-2021, WCBA experienced a 48% rise in MS incidence and 66% increase in prevalence, with mortality growing by 17% despite a 7% DALYs reduction. Age-standardized rates improved (ASMR:-0.35; ASDR:-0.3), though burden varied regionally: Australasia showed greatest incidence growth versus East Asia's decline, while Central Latin America led prevalence increases. High-SDI countries (>0.4) carried disproportionate burden, peaking at ages 45-49 (incidence:30-34 years). Projections indicate rising crude rates but falling ASDR. Low-SDI nations (e.g., Cambodia) demonstrated optimal control versus high-SDI underperformers (e.g., Sweden). Birth cohorts revealed generally declining risk (RR1.146→0.805) except 2002-2006(RR1.413), with elevated DALYs(20-25y) and prevalence(30-35y) warranting targeted action.

DISCUSSION: This study reveals key disparities in MS burden among WCBA, with high-SDI countries showing paradoxical high burden yet improvement potential. The 2002-2006 cohort rebound and persistent burdens in 30-49-year-olds highlight critical intervention windows. While low-SDI countries demonstrate unexpected control efficiency, rising crude rates globally underscore the growing women's health challenge of MS, particularly given projected prevalence increases. These findings advocate for tailored, age-specific management strategies.